Stress in the Workplace is a Health Issue - 1246 Words

THE WORKPLACE In a point in our lives we all experience stress and many questions arrive to what initiates stress? what harm does it do? and how to deal with it? But, whether is at home, college or most commonly at work it’s normal to end up mentally and physically burnt-out at any job and experience stress, especially if the person is at an entry-level. Work overload, spending long hours with little result, pressure when meeting deadlines, problems getting along with co-workers, difficult tasks with no breaks in between and being responsible for others can eventually have a negative effect on people and cause them to experience different levels of stress. Typically, stress at the workplace relates to also having a problematic boss. But fortunately, there are many solutions to deal with stress. Do the the scientific improvements and advancements, institutions and people have been able to come up with programs which helps manage and prevent. Some of these ways are by providing therapy, adjus ting a flexible work schedule, and communication programs. In times when stress level is high and it becomes a health issue, its best that people change their habits or work environment and reach out to a doctor for best medical assistance. But frequently, these relieving programs are efficient, it helps employees develop better relationship with the managers or employers, and eventually creating and enjoyable work environment by eliminating insignificant arguments that provokesShow MoreRelatedManagement and Common Health Issues Essay707 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Assessment Description Research and identify three common health issues in the business workplace that can affect productivity. For each issue, outline some standard approaches, select a preferred option from each and present a report to senior management for approval. Three common health issues that can affect productivity in the workplace 1. Depression Depression in the workplace affects productivity as one in 5 employees is affected by depression at any one time leading to higher ratesRead MoreStress Management in the Workplace1100 Words   |  5 PagesORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 1 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Consultant For Methodist Hospital: Stress Management Module Tomeka Flowers ORG 5270 University of the Rockies ORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 2 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Abstract In recent months Methodist Hospital have developed a stress management program. The organization is struggling in their ability consistently manage the programRead MoreHealth And Safety Of The Workplace902 Words   |  4 PagesHealth and safety in the workplace are both important topics that need to be incorporated in the workplace environment so that all parties involved in a company are protected and secure. There are many objectives that have been discussed in this class that are essential to an employee’s general health and overall safety while performing job tasks and responsibilities. The following objectives have been chosen from one particular week of discussion, and they will be discussed in more detail. TheseRead MoreEssay on Coping with Stress at Work1593 Words   |  7 PagesStress at Work There are many jobs in the world and many professionals carrying them out. Every worker has a task to complete and it isn’t always easy. Jobs can demand a lot and specific deadlines of when things need to be done. Some jobs require workers to have more than just one responsibility. Meeting deadlines and being responsible of other tasks can be a bit stressing at times. Stress is not only at home but it is also suffered in jobs, some more than others. Many workers experience job stressRead MoreThe Effects Of Mental Health On The Workplace987 Words   |  4 Pageswork is where we spend most of our waking hours. Because we devote so much time to our work environment, certain needs must be met from our employers so that business can run efficiently and productively. I have chosen the topic of mental health in the workplace, as it is an area where I believe employers should focus more attention to in order to have a better understanding of the challenges their employees may face . A productive employee who is able to meet their scheduling requirements and performRead MoreWorkplace Violence And Health Care1641 Words   |  7 Pages Workplace Violence in Health Care Morgan L. Hofmeister Baker University School of Nursing Abstract This research paper discusses workplace violence, specifically the nursing population. Using results from previous research conducted, negative factors impacting a nurse and solutions to this issue are explored. There is a lack of reporting causing this issue of workplace violence to be difficult to determine interventions and bring about public awareness. Looking at the historicalRead MoreEssay on Stress In The Workplace532 Words   |  3 Pagesaffects that stress can have on an employees performance and are offering different programs to help employees manage stress in their lives. This approach is proving to increase workplace performance, as well as improve employee loyalty and retention in the long run. What Causes Stress? Causes and Concerns Stress has been defined as a physiologic reaction to uncomfortable or unaccustomed physical or psychological stimuli. The biological variations that can result from stress of the sympatheticRead MoreMental Health : An Individual s Psychological And Emotional Wellbeing1411 Words   |  6 PagesMental health refers to an individual’s psychological and emotional wellbeing (World Health Organisation, 2014). With over 25 million UK residents (Mental Health Foundation, 1999) spending a large majority of their time at work, it is important that concerns for a person’s welfare extend to the workplace. Every year mental health problems, including stress, anxiety and depression affect 1 in 6 British employees (Mental Health Foundation, 1999). Despite this, a Confederation of British IndustryRead MoreThe Effects Of Toxic Leadership On Toxic Leaders1392 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies have shown that job stress is associated with back pain, coronary heart disease, immune disorder s, and personal and family problems (Sharma, V. P., PHD. n.d.). Toxic leadership can result in chaos in the workplace. The negative feelings associated with a toxic work environment can cause issues such as attendance issues, low morale, and low productivity. Although a toxic workplace can have serious effects of an individual, there are ways to survive a toxic workplace. The Physical EffectsRead MoreOccupational Health And Safety Legislation1430 Words   |  6 PagesOccupational health and safety legislation Provinces, territories and the federal jurisdiction have occupational health and safety legislation which is based on the theory of combined responsibility which workers and employees share in order to maintain a hazard-free work environment and to improve the safety and health of workers in an organization (Dessler et al., 2011). The occupational health and safety regulation is one of the regulations under workers compensation act which comprises of legal

Ath Technologies Inc. Making the Numbers - 616 Words

ATH Technologies Inc.: making the Numbers The case of ATH is centered on management taking particular strategic paths in order to achieve the desired organization objective(s). Beginning with the strategy of acquiring market share, Scepter implemented very attractive (personal) incentives in order to achieve this goal. These â€Å"earn out† incentives did indeed push for innovation, growth and market segment but it didn’t put any controls on the amount of spending, thus ultimately leading to major losses. The incentives focused more on personal gain i.e.: â€Å"Make the company look good at what ever cost so I can get the pay out† sort of notion. It is a good scheme in terms of promoting for continuous developments and to share know-how and make†¦show more content†¦It would have been good if this fundamental vision was in place right at the very beginning of the company’s formation. In the end it is the customers that make the company, so it makes sense to work towards satisfying this customer relationship. To become profitable and achieve market share are secondary objective that can be measured on a annual basis and o verall company well being targets can be rewarded with incentives that link into the company’s performance as opposed to individual contribution to the company’s success. Instead of jumping to different achievement goals as problems arise, the visions and beliefs should have been determined first and that would help shape the overall goal of the company. While working towards goals such as profitability and growth, the visions and beliefs help keep employees in line and to some extent control the minimum expectations of the development of products, thus possibly lessen or avoid problems that did arise. The incentive scheme were not properly designed to take into account effects of employee actions and the impact it would have on the company as a whole and other stakeholders. It should some what reflect and reiterate these visions instead of promoting and motivating employees to be self interested in their own affairs and achieving the targets at â€Å"all costs†. All in all, there were minimal controls and checks in place, it was more of a one way push towards the goals and not looking backShow MoreRelatedAth Technology Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesCase1: ATH Technologies, Inc.:Making the Numbers PartA: Questions: 1. The performance goals of a business set by managers and determined by business strategy, which is refer to how a company creates value for customers and differentiate itself from competitors in the marketplace. Here, the earn-out structure focus on development of a new product, product superior to existing technologies these two are obviously the business strategy foe setting goals, and the last point is directly relate toRead MoreSms Based Home Appliance Control System8967 Words   |  36 PagesDegree Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science SUBMITTED BY DIGANTA MUDAI KALYAN BANERJEE JAHNU BORAH (Final Year B. E. Computer Science Engineering) Under Guidance of Mrs. UMA THAKUR DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING [pic] PRIYADARSHINI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR RASHTRASANT TUKADJI MAHARAJ NAGPUR UNIVERSITY Priyadarshini Institute Of Engineering And Technology Nagpur-440016 DepartmentRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement, Second Edition Finch, Interactive Models for Operations and Supply Chain Management, First Edition Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Technology, Seventh Edition Gehrlein, Operations Management Cases, First Edition Harrison and Samson, Technology Management, First Edition Hayen, SAP R/3 Enterprise Software: An Introduction, First Edition Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: Text Cases, Third Edition Hopp, Supply Chain Science, First EditionRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 PagesAuthor Books By Peter F. Drucker Credits Front Cover Copyright About the Publisher iii Introduction: Tomorrow’s â€Å"Hot† Issues Where, readers may ask, is the discussion of COMPETITIVE STRATEGY, of LEADERSHIP, of CREATIVITY, of TEAMWORK, of TECHNOLOGY in a book on MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES? Where are the â€Å"HOT† ISSUES OF TODAY? But this is the very reason why they are not in this book. It deals exclusively with TOMORROW’S â€Å"Hot† Issues—the crucial, central, life-and-death issues that are certain to

Operational Risk Management in Banking Sector an Overview Free Essays

string(115) " in which losses are categorized according to the type of event and the business line in which the event occurred\." ReseaRch PaPeR Commerce Volume : 3 | Issue : 1 | January 2013 | ISSN – 2249-555X Operational Risk Management in Banking Sector: An overview Keywords Rakesh Chutia Assistant, State Bank of India Margheita-786181 Dist. -Tinsukia Assam ABSTRACT Operational risk is inherent in all banking products, activities and processes and systems and the effective management of operational risk is of paramount importance for every bank’s board and senior management. With globalization and deregulation of financial markets, increased competition combined with the advent of high-end, innovative, sophisticated technology tremendous changes have taken place in the products distribution channels and service delivery mechanism of the banking sector. We will write a custom essay sample on Operational Risk Management in Banking Sector: an Overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now These have introduced more complexities into the banking operations and consequently the risk patterns and profiles of the industry have also become complex, diverse and catastrophic. The New Capital Adequacy Framework of the Reserve Bank of India requires bank to maintain capital explicitly towards operational risk. This paper tries to study the various methodologies used by the banks in their operational risk management activity and to study the regulatory framework related to operational risk management. Introduction Since the late 1990s, globalization, deregulation, consolidation, outsourcing, breaking of geographical barriers by use of sophisticated technology, growth of e-commerce etc. have significantly changed the business, economic and regulatory climate of the banking sector. These developments introduced more complexities into the activities of banks and their risk profiles. Consequently a series of high profile operational loss events at Societe Generale, UBS, AIB, and National Australia Bank etc. have led banks and their managements world over to increasingly view operational risk management as an integral part of their risk management activity like the management of market risk and credit risk. The identification and measurement of operational risk is a significant issue for modern-day banks, particularly since the decision by the  Basel Committee on Banking Supervision  (BCBS) to introduce a capital charge for this risk as part of the new capital adequacy framework (Basel II). Operational risk has been defined by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. This definition is based on the underlying causes of operational risk. It seeks to identify the causes of a loss event and at the broadest level includes the breakdown by four causes: people, processes, systems and external factors. Operational risk may materialise directly, e. g. , in electronic fund transfer (transfer of funds to the wrong person) or could result indirectly as a credit or market loss. Since there is a close linkage of operational risk with other types of risks, it is very important for banks to first have a clear understanding of the concept of operational risk before designing the appropriate operational risk measurement and management framework. Different types of operational risk in Banking Sector The Basel Committee has identified the following types of operational risk events as having the potential to result in substantial losses for banks: †¢ Internal fraud. For example, intentional misreporting of positions, employee theft, and insider trading on an employee’s own account. Externalfraud. Forexample,robbery,forgery,chequekiting, and damage from computer hacking. †¢ Employment practices and workplace safety. For example, workers compensation claims, violation of employee health and safety rules, organised labour activities, discrimination claims, and general liability. †¢ Clients, products and business practices. For example, fiduciary breaches, misuse of confidential customer information, improper trading activities on the bank’s account, money laundering, and sale of unauthorized products. Damagetophysicalassets. Forexample,terrorism,vandalism, earthquakes, fires and floods. †¢ Business disruption and system failures. For example, hardware and software failures, telecommunication problems, and utility outages. †¢ Execution,deliveryandprocessmanagement. Forexample: data entry errors, collateral management failures, incomplete legal documentation, and unauthorized access given to client accounts, non-client counterparty misperformance, and vendor disputes. OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS: Operational Risk management generally encompasses the process of identifying risks to the bank, measuring exposures to those risks), ensuring that an effective capital planning and monitoring programme is in place, monitoring risk exposures and corresponding capital needs on an ongoing basis, taking steps to control or mitigate risk exposures. †¢ Identification of operational risk. Banks should identify and assess the operational risk inherent in all products, services,activities,processesandsystems. You can read also Portfolio Management Quizzes Effectiverisk identification should consider both internal factors (such as the bank’s structure, the nature of the bank’s activities, the quality of the bank’s human resources, organizational changes and employee turnover) and external factors (such as changes in the industry and technological advances) that could adversely affect the achievement of the bank’s objectives. †¢ AssessmentofOperationalRisk. Inadditiontoidentifying the risk events, banks should assess their vulnerability to these risk events. Effective risk assessment allows a bank to better understand its risk profile and most effectively target risk management resources. Amongst the possible tools that may be used by banks for assessing operational risk are: ? Self Risk Assessment: A bank assesses its operations and activities against a menu of potential operational risk vulnerabilities. This process is internally driven and often incorporates checklists and/or workshops to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the operational risk environment. 6 X INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH ReseaRch PaPeR Risk Mapping: In this process, various business units, organizational functions or process flows are mapped by risk type. This exercise can reveal areas of weakness and help prioritise subsequent management action. ? Key Risk Indicators: Key risk indicators are statistics and/ or metrics, often financial, which can provide insight into a bank’s risk position. Such indicators may include the number of failed trades, s taff turnover rates and the frequency and/or severity of errors and omissions. †¢ Measurement. A key element of risk management is measuring the size and scope of the bank’s risk exposures. However, there is no clearly established, single method to measure operational risk on a bank-wide basis. Banks may develop risk assessment techniques that are appropriate to the size and complexities of their portfolio, their resources and data availability. A good assessment model must cover certain standard features. An example is the â€Å"matrix† approach in which losses are categorized according to the type of event and the business line in which the event occurred. You read "Operational Risk Management in Banking Sector: an Overview" in category "Papers" Banks may quantify their exposure to operational risk using a variety of approaches. Forexample,dataonabank’shistoricallossexperience could provide meaningful information for assessing the bank’s exposure to operational risk and developing a policy to mitigate/control the risk. †¢ MonitoringofOperationalRisk. Aneffectivemonitoring process is essential for adequately managing operational risk. Banks should implement a process to regularly monitor operational risk profiles and material exposures to losses. In addition to monitoring operational loss events, banks should identify appropriate indicators that provide early warning of an increased risk of futurelosses. Such indicators should be forward-looking and could reflect potential sources of operational risk such as rapid growth, the introduction of new products, employee turnover, transaction breaks, system downtime, and so on. There should be regular reporting of pertinent informationtoseniormanagementandtheBoardofDirectors that supports the proactive management of operational risk †¢ Controls/MitigationofOperationalRisk. Withregardto operational risk, several methods may be adopted for mitigatingtherisk. Forexample,lossesthatmightarise on account of natural disasters can be insured against. Losses that might arise from business disruptions due to telecommunication or electrical failures can be mitigated by establishing redundant backup facilities. Loss due to internal factors, like employee fraud or product flaws, which may be difficult to identify and insure against, can be mitigated through strong internal auditing procedures. The Board of Directors and senior management must make efforts for establishing a strong internal control culture in which control activities are an integral part of the regular activities of a bank. Banks should periodically review their risk limitation and control strategies and should adjust their operational risk profile accordingly using appropriate strategies, in light of their overall risk appetite and profile. Investment in appropriate processing technology and information technology security are also important for risk mitigation. Banks should also have in place contingency and business continuity plans to ensure their ability to operate on an ongoing basis and limit losses in the event of severe business disruption. OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACHES IN BASEL II The Basel framework (2004) proposes a range of approaches for setting aside regulatory capital for operational risk under Pillar 1: The Basic Indicator Approach (BIA), The Standardised Approach(TSA)andtheAdvancedMeasurementApproach (AMA). Allthethreeapproachesdifferintheircomplexityand the banks are encouraged to move along the spectrum of approaches as they obtain more sophistication in their risk management practices. The Basic Indicator Approach is the simplest approach for estimating regulatory capital, wherein Volume : 3 | Issue : 1 | January 2013 | ISSN – 2249-555X banks are required to set apart an amount equal to the average over the previous three years of 15% of positive annual gross income. In The Standardised Approach, banks’ activities are divided into eight business lines: Corporate finance, Trading Sales, Retail Banking, Commercial Banking, Payment Settlement, Agency Services, Asset Management and Retail Brokerage. While gross income continues to be the main indicator of operational risk as under the Basic Indicator Approach, the specific amount to be set apart as a percentage of the gross income varies between business lines, ranging from 12 to 18% , as compared to the 15% overall under the Basic Indicator Approach. This approach is more refined than the Basic Indicator Approach as it takes into the account the fact that some business lines are riskier than others and therefore a higher proportion of capital has to be set apart for those business lines. The Advanced MeasurementApproach(AMA)isbasedonthebanks’internalmodels to quantify operational risk. The framework gives flexibility to the banks in the characteristics of the choice of internal models, though it requires banks to demonstrate that the operational risk measures meet a soundness standard comparable to a one-year holding period and a 99. 9% confidence level, which means that a bank’s capital charge should be equal to at least 99. 9% quantile of their annual aggregate loss distribution. Banks are required to factor in four key elementsindesigningtheirAdvancedMeasurementApproach framework: internal loss data, external loss data, scenario analysis and bank specific business environmental and internal control factors. The methodologies under the advanced approach are evolving and there are a range of methods in practice in banks internationally. OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIAN BANKING SECTOR: The Reserve Bank of India is the regulator and supervisor of the banking system in India and is entrusted with the task of framing the capital adequacy guidelines for banks in India under Basel II. Public sector banks, where the Government of India is the major shareholder, dominate the Indian banking system, accounting for nearly three-fourths of total assets and income. These banks are large and very old banks, operating through thousands of branches spread all over the country. The new private sector banks are fully automated from day-one and operate like other high-tech foreign banks. The private sector banks have grown rapidly since the onset of reforms and have increased their share in total assets of the banking industry, whereas the public sector banks have witnessed shrinkage in their market share. The public sector banks have only recently started automating their processes and operations. This transition has posed significant challenges in the management of operational risk to the banks as introduction of new technology and complete overhauling of the existing systems requires a re-engineering of business processes, training of manpower, audit in a computerized environment and other related operational risk challenges. The new generation private sector banks on the other hand have to deal with the risks arising from growth at a scorchingpace. WiththereformsintheIndianbankingsectorand banks being allowed to access new markets and sophisticated products, the Reserve Bank of India has also been repeatedly advising the banks to have in place an effective and resilient control framework in place to manage operational risks. Specific guidance on management of operational risk has also been issued as per which some banks; especially the larger and internationally active banks are expected to move along the range towards more sophisticated pproaches as they develop more sophisticated operational risk management systems and practices which meet the prescribed qualifying criteria. Conclusion: ManagingOperationalRiskisemergingasanimportantelement of sound risk management practice in modern day banks in the wake of phenomenal increase in volume of transactions, high degree of structural changes and complex technological support systems. RBI expects all Indian banks to strengthen their operation risk management system and to INDIAN JO URNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 7 ReseaRch PaPeR e in readiness to graduate to more sophisticated approaches of operational risk management under Basel norms. In order to derive maximum gains banks need to gear up efforts for speedy and effective implementation of comprehensive Volume : 3 | Issue : 1 | January 2013 | ISSN – 2249-555X operational risk management frameworks and thereby bring more efficiency, transparency, profitability and sustainability into their operations. REFERENCE Reserve Bank of India, Department of Banking Operations and Development, Central Office, Mumbai, (2005), â€Å"Draft guidance note on management of operational risk†, 2. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (August, 2003) â€Å"The Joint Forum Operational risk transfer across financial sectors†, 3. Usha, Janaki, Raman, (2008) â€Å"Operational Risk Management in Indian Banks in the Context of Basel II: A Survey of the State of Preparedness and Challenges in Developing the Framework†, 4. Rao, D, Tripati and Ghosh, Prodipta, (2008) â€Å"Preparedness of Indian Banks in Managing Operational Risk†, 5. Kale, Ketan and Agarwal, Mohit, Marsh India, (2011) â€Å"Operational Risk Mitigation Basel II Accord – Challenges Opportunities†. 8 X INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH How to cite Operational Risk Management in Banking Sector: an Overview, Papers

Mass Media Power-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mass Media Powers. Answer: Mass Media Powers Mass Media refers to the technologies used by one party to communicate to large audience at the same time. It is the best way through which a company can contact to many people at the same time. Reaching to mass with the use of technology is called mass media. Types of mass media are; radio, television, print media, social media, digital media etc. Nowadays mass media is the best and most efficient way to communicate to mass public and leave imprint on them (Cliffs Notes, 2017). The essay will further study about the influence of persuasive and communicative powers on the audience. Along with which the role of media and effects of media content consumption is explained with certain theories defined. Also the essay suggests the role of media practitioners in supplying information and its ethical implications are discussed. Further the role and influences of Mass Media on Audience are discussed below: The major role which mass media plays in todays world is that it provides information to the people living at different geographical boundaries. Also the role of mass media is creating social awareness among people for any product/ Services or any law/ rule create by the government. Above all the three basic roles which the mass media hold are; information, entertainment and education. The media is the advocate of the public who questions the community and government on behalf of them. Also it is the responsibility of the media to supply accurate information along with make its audience aware regarding the issue (Bryant, Thompson, Finklea 2012). In connection with the role of mass media, the power which this industry receives is that it has the power to influence the society with its effective display of information. The greatest power which mass media hold is social persuasion. Persuasion refers to the power of media to make effect on the behavior, action and action of the public on a whole. People usually tend to agree on what media approaches to say and on the basis of that, they make their judgment and buy the product and services. Value judgment is a long gone process and forgotten and the audiences totally rely on what the media says. Also media is now the supreme source to gather the information which is accurate and reliable most of the times (Burton 2010). In order to look after the societal control which media enjoys totally depends upon the degree of influence the media has on its audience. Media can receive the power to construct reality in the society only when the audience believes in what media conveys is true. Starting from the politics to the way one person carry on their life, all the activities and action of a person can molded and reality can be changed only on the basis of medias information. Beliefs, behaviors, perceptions and opinions of audiences can be constructed again by the media; reality can be changed but for that the media needs to have influence on the actions of the audience (CommGAP 2017). The influence of mass media content consumption evolved as a solid drug or a sharp weapon which creates a powerful impact on the helpless audience, this assumption was based on the hypodermic theory. Further it was noted that the effect of media creates a huge impact on a persons thoughts, emotions, communication, and behavior in direct or indirect ways. Also the researcher says that it is impossible for them to create changes in such mediating effects. The effect of media content on any person depends upon the passive and active use of media by them (Couldry 2012). There is presence of negative as well as positive aspects in the media environment which totally depends upon the discretion of the audience to use the information provided to them. The gratification and uses theory explains that, to analyze the media effect, it shall be investigated that what uses the audience do make with the media information, along with that, with what motive or intention they perform activities on th e media (Edge 2017). Furthermore, effects created on the audience through media are judged by their attitudes. Referring to which the tri-component theory explains the change in behavior or attitude while responding the media information. The theory contains three components that are, cognitive under which the audience behaves on the basis of the observation which they make while obtaining the particular information; they do not share their views with anybody else. Another effect is affective component which comprises of what people think about the information while interacting with other people. This component relates to the emotional thinking of the audience. Under the third component conative, the audience usually imitates to the information which is spread to the audience (Duncan-Daston, Hunter-Sloan, Fullmer 2013). The attitude of the audience is created on the basis of such theories. Also the audience behaves to what they observe in the environment; this behavior is called the observational theory. According to this theory whatever information a person observes in the environment, whether negative or positive, they react on the basis of that observation also imitate the observation which they make. Another effect created on the attitude of audience is Disinhibitory effect which shows that the effect of media on the audience is that they become socially inactive and numb. As most of the time of people is spent gathering news and listening or watching entertainment series due to which they boycott themselves from all the social activities (Ejupi, Siljanovska, Iseni 2014). Due to this, their attitudes also become same as the characters to whom they listen or see like, if somebody watches TV shows which involve aggressive characters then the personality of those characters will surely influence t heirs due to which they will also adapt aggressive characters in their personality. One such syndrome found in people is Mean World Syndrome is that the audiences of media get so much affected by the negative news spread in the society that they start assuming that the whole world is a mean and cruel place to live in (Esolz Technologis 2017). The attitude and behavioral changes depends upon the kind of information conveyed to the public and the audiences. The media practitioners play a major role in assessing the information and delivering it to the target audience. The role of the media practitioners is to find out the accurate information which not negatively influences the public. Along with which such information shall be communicated to the audience whom they targeted in order to show its effectiveness (Lee, Ma 2012). Further the aspects considered by the media practitioners while issuing the information to the audiences are: Priming: it shows that messages spread in the environment through media may connect to other older news of the society which might affect the audience and initiate them to make changes in their decisions. For instance, any information aired on television about US presidential election, might raise the older issues which were suppressed by the government. This effect can lead major changes on the government with the change in the mindset of people (Burton, 2010). Agenda-Setting: the topic on which the audience thinks is not affected by the media activities, it is purely their decision. But what the audiences think about and on that topic is affected by the media activities. So under this gatekeeping the activity, this regulates the flow of information and controls it. This is not majorly controlled by the professional but is also barred with time limitation. Propaganda of the information refers to the activity of spreading the resourcefully information to the general public on a whole. There should be flow of ideas to a wider class of people in order to reach the mass (McCombs 2014). Framing: frames refer to the process of flowing information after the agenda is prepared that what to share and what not to, after this process frames decides that how to flow this information. And in what way and through what measures such information is directed to the public considering the response of audience. The identification theory works under this process and helps the companies in analyzing the target audience for the particular information which they want to convey to the right audience. The theory states that, particular information shall not be distributed among people on the basis of their age group; instead there are many factors which affect the decision of issuers while communicating the information. Like, gender, region, class, social status etc. are some of the factor which affects the framing process. The need of framing is that the media wants to make effect to the audience with the communication of news, because spreading the right information to the wrong peop le will not make a positive effect (Murshed 2014). Cultivation: it is believed by many people that the real world is same as the reel world (basically digital world). For instance, as per the television character it is noted that most of people hold a position of CEO in their own company but this is not accurate as per the real life analysis. The cultivation gives a huge impact on the mindset of people as they start believing on what they see on these series and assume it to happen in their life as well (OLeary 2017). It is said that the persuasion and propaganda plays a lead role in the process of interaction between culture and media. The media helps in spreading the cultural values in the environment through effective means. Due to this people nowadays are aware about their legal rights and duties. Also with the implementation convergence culture (which means both old and new media working together to fulfill the objective), more people are getting connected with the media using it for the betterment of society (Open Library 2017). As per my views, media plays a crucial role in communicating the information to its audiences with fulfilling various obligations and responsibilities. The basic role of media is to spread authentic information to its audience and make positive changes with the information. But many times, if the information is spread to adequate target audience, or at the right time then the problem may arise due to misconceptions. The response which the audience gives by observing the information is based on their individual discretion; as the greater degree of affection with media, the greater the response of that information. Thus, it shall be noted that the issuer of media news shall spread the information by covering all the possible aspect to target audience. The aim shall be to maintain integrity in the culture and society. Media also has a negative impact on the society and environment like it sometimes intent to change the culture, behavioral values, stereotyping roles in the society. The best quality of media can also show to most negative effect on the society as mass communication is the best feature of mass media which can show negative effect as any such information which is not fit for the society on a whole and is displayed on social media or through any other means of media can impact the whole society together. This issue can lead to major changes in the thinking of society. Therefore the companies should deliver the information the audience after passing the censorships and critique review, after that also the information shall find a correct audience group itself to deliver then only the information shall be passed on to the general public on a whole (Stephen 2017). It shall be taken into context that the mass media does not only causes negative influences on the society and the audience, in fact there are a numerous positive impacts of mass media on the audience and the community on a whole. The mass media is criticized on showing the negative impact on the society irrespective of the fact that through the mass media many people learn and get to know about new and changing aspects about their society and other factors as well. Also the social and mental ability of a persons mind to think explores and they become capable of expanding their areas of expertise and become a diverse person (Street 2010). Also mass media is a tool for many companies to expand their business and let it reach to people out of their geographical boundaries. So it can be said that mass media is tool to increase the economical earning of the company because with the aid of mass media expansion and innovation is possible which initiates growth in country (Wimmer, Dominick 2013). The companies spreading media news shall fulfill the objective of spreading ethical media content. It shall be taken in mind that, as the mass media gives effect to major changes in the society both positively and negatively, therefore the ethical procedural code shall be followed while creating of displaying such information. The social media site are the vehicle nowadays which drive such information to the public therefore such information and companies displaying such information shall have copyright to make people understand that the information provided is credible (Romero 2011). No information of any persons personal life shall be communicated without their initial permission. Along with which, no content which effects the society negatively or has age restriction shall be publically pronounced. As per the code of ethics, no false information shall be presented to public or such information presented shall be not be window-dressed. Also no information shall be created and sprea d in order to defame any person. Such actions shall hold penalties due to their wrongful actions. The producers shall use common good approach while trading the information to audience; that is serve the correct information to the community not just a group of members (Cliffs Notes 2017). To conclude with, it can be said that the media holds distinctive powers in the society. It has the power to make changes and influence people mind and perceptions, thus such resource shall be used to create positive impact on the society and initiate awareness among them. The distributors of information shall take care of ethical conduct while creating and spreading the information whereas the audience shall not totally rely on such information and change their behaviors according to the news (Edge 2017). The effects of media content consumption shall grow the society in a positive way. Also yes it can said that media influence in the changing the attitude of the audience, along with which the practitioners needs to follow h ethical implications in order to create a positive effect of media on the society. References Baran, S. J. (2010). Introduction to mass communication: Media literacy and culture. Bird, S. E. (2011). Are we all produsers now? Convergence and media audience practices. Cultural Studies, 25(4-5), 502-516. Bryant, J., Thompson, S. Finklea, B.W., (2012). Fundamentals of media effects. Waveland Press. Burton, G., (2010). Media and society: Critical perspectives. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Cliffs Notes.( 2017). The Role and Influence of Mass Media. Viewed on July 24, 2017 from https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/sociology/contemporary-mass-media/the-role-and-influence-of-mass-media CommGAP. (2017). Media Effects. Viewed on July 24, 2017 from https://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGOVACC/Resources/MediaEffectsweb.pdf Couldry, N. (2012). Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. Polity. Duncan-Daston, R., Hunter-Sloan, M. Fullmer, E., (2013). Considering the ethical implications of social media in social work education. Ethics and Information Technology, 15(1), pp.35-43. Edge, (2017), Media's Use of Propaganda to Persuade People's Attitude, Beliefs and Behaviors, viewed on July 30, 2017 from https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/war_peace/media/hpropaganda.html Ejupi, V., Siljanovska, L., Iseni, A., (2014), THE MASS MEDIA AND PERSUASION, European Scientific Journal, Vol. 10, no. 14 Esolz Technologis. (2017). Mass Media Plays A Crucial Role In Influencing Peoples Mind. Viewed on July 24, 2017 from https://esolz.net/mass-media-plays-a-crucial-role-in-influencing-peoples-mind/ Lee, C.S. Ma, L. (2012). News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), pp.331-339. McCombs, M. (2014)., Setting the agenda: Mass media and public opinion. John Wiley Sons. Murshed, M. (2014), Mass Media and Its Influence, viewed on July 30, 2017 from https://northsouth.academia.edu/M%C3%BC%C3%B1t%C3%A4sirMurshed OLeary, P.N., Miller, M.M., Olive, M.L. Kelly, A.N., (2017)., Blurred lines: Ethical implications of social media for behavior analysts. Behavior analysis in practice, 10(1), pp.45-51. Open Library, (2017)., Mass Media and Its Messages, viewed on July 30, 2017 from https://open.lib.umn.edu/mediaandculture/chapter/2-1-mass-media-and-its-messages/ Romero, D.M., Galuba, W., Asur, S. Huberman, B.A., (2011), March. Influence and passivity in social media. In Proceedings of the 20th international conference companion on World wide web (pp. 113-114). ACM. Stephen, (2017)., Social Construction of Reality, viewed on july 30, 2017 from https://stephen.pollock.name/writings/res/socialconstruction.html Street, J. (2010). Mass media, politics and democracy. Palgrave Macmillan. Wimmer, R. D., Dominick, J. R. (2013). Mass media research. Cengage learning.